Bioleaching for Recovery of Metals from Spent Batteries – A Review

This review addresses the recovery of metals from all main types spent batteries (including Li-based, Zn-based, and Ni-based batteries) using bioleaching processes. Traditional processes are based on pyrometallurgical hydrometallurgical methods can be costly and, in some cases, cannot effectively recover used battery manufacture. Biobased hydrometallurgy may circumvent these drawbacks. presents a classification chemical composition recycling point view. The bacterial fungal leaching for each type is reviewed. research outputs compared section, biological mechanisms presented. In addition, catalytic effect process reviewed battery. results indicated that reactions with metabolites, acid dissolution, their combinations oxidation-reduction reactions. presented literature assessed modified thermodynamically. advantages disadvantages discussed, future perspective drawn. Although has high efficiency an environmentally friendly method, no gas emission low energy consumption, slow kinetics pulp densities among major limiting factors hindering bioprocessing development pilot to commercial scale.